Mert Erkan Sozen
Business Development Chief, Izmir Metro Company, Izmir, Turkey.

Gorkem Sariyer
Business Administration, Yasar University, Izmir, Turkey.

Mustafa Yigit Sozen
Family Medicine Specialist, Ayvalık No 2 Family Health Unit, Balıkesir, Turkey.

Gaurav Kumar Badhotiya
Operations and Decision Sciences, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Lokesh Vijavargy
Jaipuria Institute of Management Jaipur, India.

DOI https://doi.org/10.33889/IJMEMS.2023.8.6.066

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Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction plays a significant role in clinical research since it is the key to primary prevention. As family health units follow up on a specific group of patients, particularly in the middle-aged and elderly groups, CVD risk prediction has additional importance for them. In a retrospectively collected data set from a family health unit in Turkey in 2018, we evaluated the CVD risk levels of patients based on SCORE-Turkey. By identifying additional CVD risk factors for SCORE-Turkey and grouping the study patients into 3-classes "low risk," "moderate risk," and "high risk" patients, we proposed a machine learning implemented early warning system for CVD risk prediction in family health units. Body mass index, diastolic blood pressures, serum glucose, creatinine, urea, uric acid levels, and HbA1c were significant additional CVD risk factors to SCORE-Turkey. All of the five implemented algorithms, k-nearest neighbour (KNN), random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), logistic regression (LR), and support vector machines (SVM), had high prediction performances for both the K4 and K5 partitioning protocols. With 89.7% and 92.1% accuracies for K4 and K5 protocols, KNN outperformed the other algorithms. For the five ML algorithms, while for the "low risk" category, precision and recall measures varied between 95% to 100%, "moderate risk," and "high risk" categories, these measures varied between 60% to 92%. Machine learning-based algorithms can be used in CVD risk prediction by enhancing prediction performances and combining various risk factors having complex relationships.

Keywords- Cardiovascular diseases, Machine learning, Risk prediction, Family health units, SCORE-Turkey.

Citation

Sozen, M. E. Sariyer, G., Sozen, M. Y. Badhotiya, G. K. & Vijavargy, L. (2023). Machine Learning Implementations for Multi-class Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in Family Health Units. International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences, 8(6), 1171-1187. https://doi.org/10.33889/IJMEMS.2023.8.6.066.